How to evaluate the success of a DSS-induced colitis model

 

Features of the UC model

By giving animals free to drink different concentrations of DSS (MW: 36000~50000) aqueous solution, two models of acute and chronic colitis can be made according to the medication time and medication cycle. The symptoms of this model are very similar to those of human UC, mainly manifested as diarrhea, mucous stool, fecal occult blood, gross bloody stool, weight loss, reduced mobility, and deterioration of coat color.

Table 1 Histological characteristics of the DSS colitis model
DSS Colitis Model Category	Acute phase colitis model	A model of chronic phase colitis
Histological changes	The colon is congested, edema, shortened, brittle, and the weight-to-length ratio increases	The colon is markedly shortened
	Colon ulcers of varying severity	Thickening of mucous membranes and swollen lymph nodes
	Mucosal edema, absence of goblet cells, and swelling and destruction of crypts	Absence of goblet cells, absence of crypts
	There are varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial cell damage in the mucosa and submucosa	A small percentage of animals have adenomatous polyps and tumor-like changes

 

How do you evaluate the success of modeling?

 

1. Disease Activity Index, DAI score

The evaluation and scoring were carried out from three aspects, namely weight, fecal viscosity, fecal occult blood and other indicators, and the DAI score was the sum of the three indicators.

 

Table 2 DAI scoring rules

Score	Percentage weight loss	Stool viscosity	Fecal occult blood
0	0	normal	Negative
1	1-5%	Soft stools	Blue
2	5-10%	Mucous stools	blue
3	10-20%	Loose liquid stools	deepblue
4	＞20%	/	Bloody stool to the naked eye

 

2. Histological change score

The histological change score is the sum of the above indicators, and lymph node formation is not scored in the acute colitis model. The standard method for histological analysis is HE staining.

Table 3 Histological change score

Score	Ulcers (pcs)	Epithelial cell changes	Inflammatory infiltration	Lymph nodes
0	0	normal	None	None
1	1	Goblet cells are missing	Pericrypt infiltrates	1
2	2	Large area of goblet cells is missing	Muscularis mucosa is infiltrated	2
3	3	Absence of crypts	Muscularis mucosa is generally infiltrated and the mucosa is thickened	3
4	＞3	Large loss of crypts or polyp-like regeneration	Submucosal infiltrates	＞3

 

3. Colon length

In the acute colitis model, a reduction in colonic length was detected on day 8; In the chronic colitis model, the shortening of colon length is more pronounced.

 

4. Summary

It is recommended that 8-10 samples per group should be pre-experimented and a control group should be set up. Weight loss, loose stools, diarrhea, bloody or fecal occult blood, and ulcers are usually considered to be effective with DSS and successful modeling.

 

FAQ

Regardless of whether the acute DSS colitis model or the chronic DSS colitis model, the severity and success of enteritis were related to the mouse species (different gene backgrounds), DSS concentration, and administration cycle.

Table 4 Common problems of DSS colitis modeling

Problems	Possible causes	Solution
High lethality in mice	The concentration of DSS is too high	Reduce the concentration of DSS administration
Mice have no symptoms of enteritis or symptoms of hypoenteritis	The DSS concentration is too low	increase the concentration of DSS administration; Reduced cycle time (10-14 days)
In the same group of mice, the symptoms of enteritis were very different	Clogged caps	Check the mouse drinking bottles daily

 

High-quality, high-success model of animal enteritis with Yeasen dextran sulfate sodium salt

DSS (Cat.NO: 60316ES, MW: 36000~50000) is widely used in the construction of UC model. We found that the molding time of acute colitis was mainly concentrated in about 7 days, and the effect was very significant.

1. Features

1) The symptoms are highly similar to those of human UC: it can be used to study the mechanism and efficacy of colitis.

2) High mold rate: free to drink DSS aqueous solution, simple and easy to do, strong repeatability.

3) A variety of colitis models can be constructed: acute colitis, chronic colitis, and colitis-related cancer (CAC) models can also be constructed in combination with AOM.

4) It is suitable for modeling a variety of animals: mice, rats, zebrafish, pigs, fruit flies, etc.

5) High safety: DSS can be degraded by natural ecosystems and is safe for the environment;

6) High purity: high purity (98%), sulfur content 17-19%;

2. Modeling cases

 

 Advantages

Yeasen Biotech provides high-quality DSS (Cat.NO: 60316ES, MW: 36000~50000), which has the following advantages:

1. The symptoms are highly similar to those of human UC: it can be used to study the mechanism and efficacy of colitis.

2. High mold forming rate: free to drink DSS aqueous solution, simple and easy to do, strong repeatability.

3. A variety of colitis models can be constructed: acute colitis, chronic colitis, and colitis-related cancer (CAC) models can also be constructed in combination with AOM.

4. Suitable for modeling a variety of animals: mice, rats, zebrafish, pigs, fruit flies, etc.

5. High safety: DSS can be degraded by natural ecosystems, which is safe for the environment;

6. High purity (>98%), sulfur content 17-19%, free sulfur <0.2%, supported by a large number of data literature, widely used in the construction of UC model;

7. Combined with the use of Azoximetana(Aum), it can be used to induce colitis-related cancer (Colidis, Asochatate Kanse, Ka) animal model, successfully simulating the process of Ibud inducing Kachi.

 

Published articles with our reagents (incomplete statistics)

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[2] Li Zhao, Fei Wang,Zhengwei Cai,et al.Improving drug utilization platform with injectable mucoadhesive hydrogel for treating ulcerative colitis[J].chemical engineering journal.424(2021)130464. (IF: 16.74)

[3] Tong, L, et al. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate ulcerative colitis by regulating the gut immunity and reshaping the gut microbiota. Theranostics 2021, 11 (17), 8570-8586. DOI: 10.7150/thno.62046. (IF: 11.56)  

[4] Feng X, et al. Yeast Microcapsule Mediated Natural Products Delivery for Treating Ulcerative Colitis through Anti-Inflammatory and Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Jul 13;14(27):31085-31098. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c05642. Epub 2022 Jun 30. PMID: 35770618. (IF: 10.38)  

[5] Li X, et al. Discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1) promote intestinal barrier disruption in Ulcerative Colitis through tight junction proteins degradation and epithelium apoptosis. Pharmacol Res. 2022 Sep;183:106368. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106368. Epub 2022 Jul 26. PMID: 35905891. (IF: 10.33)

[6] Jingjing Gan, et al. Orally administrated nucleotide-delivery particles from microfluidics for inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Applied Materials Today, Volume 25, 2021, 101231. (IF: 10.04)

[7] Gan J, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Encapsulated Oral Microcapsules for Acute Colitis Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022 Sep;11(17):e2201105. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202201105. Epub 2022 Jun 30. PMID: 35737997. (IF: 9.93)

[8] Dong J, et al. Oral microbiota affects the efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy for colorectal cancer in mouse models. Cell Rep. 2021 Oct 26;37(4):109886. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109886. PMID: 34706245. (IF: 9.42)

[9] Li Y, et al. Gut commensal derived-valeric acid protects against radiation injuries. Gut Microbes. 2020 Jul 3;11(4):789-806. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1709387. Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31931652. (IF: 7.74)

[10] Xu M, et al. Identification of Immune-Related Gene Signature and Prediction of CeRNA Network in Active Ulcerative Colitis. Front Immunol. 2022;13:855645. Published 2022 Mar 22. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.855645. (IF:7.56)

[11] Wang S, et al. Isosteviol Sodium Exerts Anti-Colitic Effects on BALB/c Mice with Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis Through Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Response Modulation. J Inflamm Res. 2021; 14:7107-7130. Published 2021 Dec 20. doi:10.2147/JIR.S344990. (IF:6.92)

[12] Liu C, et al. Angelica oil restores the intestinal barrier function by suppressing S100A8/A9 signalling in mice with ulcerative colitis. Phytomedicine. 2023; 108:154490. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154490. (IF:6.66)

[13] Wang S, et al. Isosteviol Sodium Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Colitis through the Regulation of Metabolic Profiling, Macrophage Polarization, and NF-κB Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:4636618. Published 2022 Jan 27. doi:10.1155/2022/4636618. (IF:6.54)

[14] Li Z, et al. A tetrapeptide from maize combined with probiotics exerted strong anti-inflammatory effects and modulated gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice [published online ahead of print, 2022 Nov 14]. Food Funct. 2022;10.1039/d2fo02678c. doi:10.1039/d2fo02678c. (IF:6.32)

[15] Jia X, et al. The potential mechanism of huazhuojiedu decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1033874. Published 2022 Oct 14. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1033874. (IF:5.99)

[16] Luo P, et al. Central administration of human opiorphin alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice through activation of the endogenous opioid system. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:904926. Published 2022 Sep 13. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.904926. (IF:5.99)

[17] Zhang K, et al. Pharmacokinetic Study of Four Major Bioactive Components of Liandan Xiaoyan Formula in Ulcerative Colitis and Control Rats Using UPLC-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:936846. Published 2022 Jul 4. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.936846. (IF:5.99)

[18] Yan G, et al. Immuno-PET Imaging of TNF-α in Colitis Using ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-infliximab. Mol Pharm. 2022;19(10):3632-3639. doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00411. (IF:5.36)

[19] Xiong X, et al. HuanglianGanjiang Tang alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting necroptosis through vitamin D receptor. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022;298:115655. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115655. (IF:5.19)

[20] Zhu Y, et al. Endometrial Regenerative Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Experimental Colitis through Downregulation of Intestine Ferroptosis. Stem Cells Int. 2022;2022:3014123. Published 2022 Aug 22. doi:10.1155/2022/3014123. (IF:5.13)

 

Product Order

Product name	Catalog No.	Size	Price(＄)
Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (DSS) MW:36000~50000	60316ES25	25 g	255
	60316ES60	100 g	755
	60316ES76	500 g	3455
	60316ES80	1 kg	6255